Reduce

.reduce (Publishers.Reduce) is just like the reduce sequence method. You supply two parameters: an initial output value and a function. The output value is what is being accumulated. The function itself takes two parameters: the accumulated output value, and a newly arrived value from upstream; it returns a new output value, which is now the accumulated value and is supplied as the first parameter to the next call to the function when the next value arrives from upstream. This goes on until a .finished completion is received. At that point, the output value that was returned from the last call to the function is emitted downstream (followed by a .finished completion).

Here’s a toy example, just to show the syntax:

[1,2,3].publisher
    .reduce(0) {
        return $0 + $1
    }

That function returns 1, then 3, then 6 — and then the .finished completion arrives from upstream, so the operator sends 6 downstream, followed by a .finished completion.

Similar to .reduce is .tryReduce (Publishers.TryReduce), which adds the ability for the function to throw. This can happen at any point during the arrival of incoming values. If it does throw, it cancels the upstream publisher and sends the resulting error downstream as a failure.